15+ Đề Trắc Nghiệm Tiếng Anh lớp 10 Unit 2: Humans and the environment – Reading – Global Success

Câu 1: According to environmental texts, which of the following human activities is most directly responsible for the significant increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since the Industrial Revolution?

• A. Large-scale fishing
• B. Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
• C. Implementing recycling programs
• D. Protecting endangered species

Câu 2: In the context of reading passages about climate change, what does the term "greenhouse effect" primarily describe?

• A. The cooling of the Earth"s atmosphere
• B. The process of plants creating oxygen
• C. The trapping of heat in the Earth"s atmosphere by certain gases
• D. The melting of polar ice caps

Câu 3: A passage discusses various consequences of global warming. If it mentions "more frequent extreme weather events," which of the following is a likely example provided in the text?

• A. Stable, predictable seasons
• B. Reduced rainfall globally
• C. A decrease in average global temperature
• D. Increased intensity of hurricanes or droughts

Câu 4: When environmental texts discuss "habitat destruction," what is the most common consequence for the species living in that habitat?

• A. Reduced populations or endangerment/extinction
• B. Adaptation to new environments quickly
• C. Increased food availability
• D. Migration to colder climates

Câu 5: Consider the following sentence from a hypothetical passage: "Deforestation in tropical regions not only destroys the homes of countless species but also contributes significantly to climate change. This is because trees absorb carbon dioxide." What does "This" refer to in this sentence?

• A. The destruction of homes
• B. The loss of countless species
• C. The contribution to climate change
• D. Tropical regions

Câu 6: According to typical reading materials on environmental solutions, which action is considered a way to reduce an individual"s "carbon footprint"?

• A. Using public transportation or biking instead of driving alone
• B. Buying more imported goods
• C. Using energy-inefficient appliances
• D. Increasing water consumption

Câu 7: A passage describes the issue of "plastic pollution" in oceans. Which of the following is a likely negative impact discussed in such a text?

• A. Increased ocean temperatures
• B. Harm to marine animals through ingestion or entanglement
• C. Decreased sea levels
• D. Growth of new coral reefs

Câu 8: Based on environmental readings, what is the primary goal of "conservation efforts" for a particular animal species?

• A. To make the species available for hunting
• B. To move the species to a zoo
• C. To use the species for scientific experiments only
• D. To protect the species and its habitat to prevent extinction

Câu 9: If a text discusses "renewable energy sources," which of the following would be presented as an example?

• A. Coal
• B. Natural Gas
• C. Solar power
• D. Nuclear power

Câu 10: Reading passages about environmental degradation often highlight the concept of "interconnectedness" in ecosystems. What does this concept imply?

• A. Each species in an ecosystem is independent of others.
• B. Changes affecting one part of an ecosystem can impact other parts.
• C. Ecosystems only interact with human activities.
• D. All ecosystems are identical in structure.

Câu 11: According to information typically found in Unit 2 reading, why is the loss of biodiversity considered a serious environmental problem?

• A. It weakens the stability and resilience of ecosystems.
• B. It makes the planet less interesting.
• C. It leads to higher global temperatures.
• D. It primarily affects only a few specific regions.

Câu 12: A passage describes how pollutants from factories enter a river and cause harm downstream. This is an example of which type of environmental issue?

• A. Deforestation
• B. Climate Change
• C. Habitat Fragmentation
• D. Water Pollution

Câu 13: If a text mentions that a certain animal species is "threatened," what does this classification most likely mean?

• A. The species is abundant and widespread.
• B. The species is extinct.
• C. The species is likely to become endangered in the near future.
• D. The species is only found in zoos.

Câu 14: According to discussions about sustainable living, which action represents an effort to reduce waste?

• A. Using disposable cups and plates
• B. Bringing a reusable shopping bag to the supermarket
• C. Buying products with excessive packaging
• D. Throwing away old electronics

Câu 15: A passage explains how rising global temperatures cause glaciers and ice sheets to melt. What is a direct consequence of this melting that impacts coastal areas?

• A. Rising sea levels
• B. Decreasing ocean salinity
• C. Increased coastal vegetation
• D. Lower global temperatures

Câu 16: In environmental texts, the term "ecosystem" refers to:

• A. Only the plants in a specific area.
• B. Only the animals in a specific area.
• C. Only the non-living elements like rocks and water.
• D. A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.

Câu 17: Why is reducing pollution from vehicles often discussed as an important step in improving air quality, according to environmental readings?

• A. Vehicle emissions cool the atmosphere.
• B. Vehicle emissions have no impact on air quality.
• C. Vehicle emissions release harmful pollutants into the air.
• D. Vehicles consume too much water.

Câu 18: A passage highlights the importance of rainforests. Beyond being habitats for species, what other crucial role do rainforests play that impacts the global climate, as discussed in environmental science?

• A. They absorb excess ocean water.
• B. They absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.
• C. They increase the Earth"s albedo (reflectivity).
• D. They release significant amounts of methane.

Câu 19: Based on environmental texts, which of the following is a common consequence of soil erosion?

• A. Loss of fertile land for farming
• B. Increased soil nutrients
• C. Growth of new forests
• D. Decreased river flow

Câu 20: If a passage mentions the concept of a "tipping point" in the Earth"s climate system, what does this term imply?

• A. A point where climate change stops.
• B. A point where the climate becomes stable.
• C. A point where small changes have no effect.
• D. A point where a system undergoes an irreversible shift to a new state.

Câu 21: According to environmental discussions, what is the main difference between "conservation" and "preservation"?

• A. Conservation means no human use, preservation means sustainable use.
• B. Conservation applies only to animals, preservation to plants.
• C. Conservation allows for sustainable use, preservation aims to protect from human use.
• D. There is no difference between the two terms.

Câu 22: A passage describes efforts to restore a damaged coral reef ecosystem. Which action would be most consistent with such restoration efforts?

• A. Transplanting healthy coral fragments
• B. Increasing fishing activity in the area
• C. Introducing invasive species
• D. Allowing untreated sewage to enter the water

Câu 23: When environmentalists discuss "invasive species," what is the primary concern about their impact on native ecosystems?

• A. They increase biodiversity.
• B. They outcompete native species for resources, potentially causing their decline.
• C. They improve soil quality.
• D. They are always harmless.

Câu 24: According to texts on environmental economics, why might pollution be considered a "negative externality"?

• A. It only affects the company causing the pollution.
• B. It creates jobs in the environmental sector.
• C. It is a planned part of the production process.
• D. Its costs (e.g., health issues, cleanup) are borne by society, not just the polluter.

Câu 25: A passage discusses the problem of "overconsumption." Which of the following actions is a direct result of overconsumption that negatively impacts the environment?

• A. Increased savings rates
• B. Reduced demand for goods
• C. Excessive resource depletion and waste generation
• D. Improved air quality

Câu 26: If a text argues for a shift towards a "circular economy," what is the main principle being advocated?

• A. Designing products to be reused, repaired, and recycled to minimize waste.
• B. Increasing production and consumption.
• C. Focusing solely on extracting new raw materials.
• D. Exporting waste to other countries.

Câu 27: According to typical environmental readings, how does the melting of permafrost in Arctic regions contribute to climate change?

• A. It absorbs large amounts of CO2.
• B. It increases the Earth"s reflectivity.
• C. It creates new forests.
• D. It releases stored greenhouse gases like methane and CO2.

Câu 28: A passage discusses the impact of agriculture on the environment. Which agricultural practice is often cited as a major contributor to water pollution through runoff?

• A. Crop rotation
• B. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides
• C. Using organic farming methods
• D. Implementing soil conservation techniques

Câu 29: Based on information about environmental policies, what is the primary purpose of an "environmental impact assessment" (EIA) before starting a large construction project?

• A. To predict and evaluate the potential environmental effects of the project.
• B. To ensure the project is completed quickly.
• C. To maximize the economic profit of the project.
• D. To eliminate all environmental risks completely.

Câu 30: Considering the various environmental challenges presented in Unit 2 reading materials, what overarching message do they often convey about the relationship between human actions and the planet?

• A. Human actions have no significant impact on the environment.
• B. The environment can adapt to any human activity without negative consequences.
• C. Human activities have profound and often negative impacts on the environment, requiring responsible management.
• D. Environmental problems are natural cycles unrelated to human actions.

Câu 1: Read the following sentence: "The relentless expansion of urban areas is encroaching upon natural habitats, leading to biodiversity loss." What cognitive skill is primarily required to understand the cause-and-effect relationship in this sentence?

• A. Memorization
• B. Comprehension
• C. Analysis
• D. Evaluation

Câu 2: Which of the following environmental issues is most directly linked to the burning of fossil fuels for energy production?

• A. Deforestation
• B. Global Warming
• C. Plastic Pollution
• D. Noise Pollution

Câu 3: The term "carbon footprint" refers to:

• A. The amount of carbon stored in forests.
• B. The physical marks left by factories on the environment.
• C. The financial cost of reducing emissions.
• D. The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, event or product.

Câu 4: If a town implements a "reduce, reuse, recycle" program effectively, which of the following environmental benefits is LEAST likely to be observed?

• A. Recovery of the Ozone Layer
• B. Reduced Landfill Waste
• C. Conservation of Natural Resources
• D. Decreased Water Pollution

Câu 5: Consider the scenario: A local river ecosystem is suffering due to increased agricultural runoff containing fertilizers. Which of the following is the most likely immediate consequence in the river?

• A. Increased Fish Population
• B. Improved Water Clarity
• C. Decreased Oxygen Levels
• D. Reduced Algae Growth

Câu 6: What is the primary purpose of establishing "National Parks" and "Wildlife Sanctuaries"?

• A. To promote tourism and recreation.
• B. To conserve biodiversity and protect natural habitats.
• C. To extract natural resources sustainably.
• D. To create employment opportunities for local communities.

Câu 7: Which human activity contributes most significantly to deforestation globally?

• A. Urbanization
• B. Mining Operations
• C. Industrial Logging
• D. Agricultural Expansion

Câu 8: The concept of "sustainable development" emphasizes meeting the needs of the present without:

• A. Using advanced technology.
• B. Focusing on economic growth.
• C. Compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• D. Implementing strict environmental regulations.

Câu 9: What is the "greenhouse effect" in the context of climate change?

• A. The trapping of heat by gases in the Earth"s atmosphere.
• B. The cooling of the Earth"s surface due to cloud cover.
• C. The process of plants absorbing carbon dioxide.
• D. The reflection of sunlight back into space by ice and snow.

Câu 10: Which of the following is an example of "renewable energy" source?

• A. Coal
• B. Natural Gas
• C. Nuclear Fission
• D. Solar Power

Câu 11: Read the sentence: "Ecosystems provide essential services like pollination, water purification, and climate regulation." Identifying these services requires understanding the ______ of ecosystems.

• A. Structure
• B. Functions
• C. Components
• D. Locations

Câu 12: Which of these actions would be most effective in mitigating the negative impacts of plastic pollution in oceans?

• A. Reducing the production and consumption of single-use plastics.
• B. Developing technologies to clean up plastic from the ocean surface.
• C. Improving recycling rates for plastic waste.
• D. Encouraging people to use more plastic products responsibly.

Câu 13: What is "biodiversity hotspot"?

• A. Areas with the highest number of animal species.
• B. Regions with the coldest climates and unique wildlife.
• C. Regions with high levels of endemic species and facing habitat loss.
• D. Large protected areas like national parks with diverse ecosystems.

Câu 14: Consider a factory releasing untreated wastewater into a river. This is an example of:

• A. Air Pollution
• B. Water Pollution
• C. Soil Contamination
• D. Noise Pollution

Câu 15: The "Paris Agreement" is an international treaty primarily focused on:

• A. Protecting endangered species.
• B. Reducing plastic waste in oceans.
• C. Combating climate change.
• D. Promoting sustainable agriculture.

Câu 16: Which of the following is a consequence of rising global temperatures?

• A. Melting Glaciers and Ice Sheets
• B. Decreased Frequency of Extreme Weather Events
• C. Expansion of Polar Ice Caps
• D. Stabilization of Sea Levels

Câu 17: The practice of "crop rotation" in agriculture is primarily beneficial for:

• A. Increasing the need for pesticides.
• B. Reducing water usage in irrigation.
• C. Promoting monoculture farming.
• D. Improving soil fertility and reducing soil erosion.

Câu 18: What does "ecological balance" refer to?

• A. The number of species in a particular habitat.
• B. A stable state in an ecosystem where populations are in equilibrium with resources.
• C. The process of natural selection and evolution.
• D. The total amount of energy flow in a food web.

Câu 19: Which of the following is a major source of "indoor air pollution" in many developing countries?

• A. Industrial emissions from nearby factories.
• B. Vehicle exhaust fumes entering homes.
• C. Burning biomass fuels for cooking and heating indoors.
• D. Radon gas seeping from the ground.

Câu 20: If a species is declared "endangered", it means:

• A. The species is only found in one specific location.
• B. The species is no longer able to reproduce.
• C. The species is harmful to other species in the ecosystem.
• D. The species is at a very high risk of extinction.

Câu 21: The term "ecological footprint" measures:

• A. The area of land and water needed to support a population"s consumption and waste.
• B. The number of trees planted in a reforestation project.
• C. The size of a protected natural area.
• D. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by forests.

Câu 22: Which of the following is an example of "conservation" effort?

• A. Building more factories in industrial zones.
• B. Establishing protected areas for wildlife.
• C. Increasing the use of fossil fuels for transportation.
• D. Converting forests into agricultural land.

Câu 23: What is "acid rain" primarily caused by?

• A. Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
• B. Depletion of the ozone layer.
• C. Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
• D. Release of methane from agricultural activities.

Câu 24: In the context of environmental sustainability, what does "efficiency" typically refer to?

• A. Producing goods at the lowest possible monetary cost.
• B. Maximizing the speed of industrial processes.
• C. Using the most advanced technology available.
• D. Using fewer resources to produce the same or more output.

Câu 25: Which of these is an example of "sustainable agriculture" practice?

• A. Monoculture farming with high pesticide use.
• B. Organic farming methods.
• C. Large-scale deforestation for crop production.
• D. Intensive livestock farming with high stocking densities.

Câu 26: What is the primary role of "wetlands" in the environment?

• A. Generating electricity through hydropower.
• B. Providing transportation routes for ships.
• C. Filtering and purifying water.
• D. Serving as sites for urban development.

Câu 27: What is "desertification"?

• A. The natural expansion of existing deserts.
• B. The process of planting trees in arid regions.
• C. The formation of new lakes in dry areas.
• D. The degradation of land in arid and semi-arid areas, turning it into desert.

Câu 28: Which of the following gases is the most significant contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect?

• A. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• B. Methane (CH4)
• C. Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
• D. Water Vapor (H2O)

Câu 29: What is "eutrophication"?

• A. The process of soil erosion by wind.
• B. Excessive nutrients in a body of water, leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion.
• C. The acidification of ocean waters.
• D. The decrease in biodiversity in a forest ecosystem.

Câu 30: Consider a community deciding to build a new waste incinerator. Which of the following is a potential environmental concern associated with waste incineration?

• A. Increased water pollution from ash runoff.
• B. Soil contamination from incinerator residue.
• C. Release of air pollutants into the atmosphere.
• D. Depletion of groundwater resources.

Câu 1: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to marine life. Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, a primary food source. Ingesting plastic can lead to blockages in their digestive systems, causing starvation. Seabirds are also vulnerable, accumulating plastic in their stomachs, which reduces their appetite and can lead to malnutrition. Microplastics, tiny plastic particles, are ingested by smaller organisms, entering the food chain and potentially impacting entire ecosystems. The durability of plastic means it persists in the environment for hundreds of years, exacerbating the long-term effects of pollution.

What is the primary focus of this passage?

• A. The benefits of recycling plastic.
• B. The dangers of plastic pollution to marine animals.
• C. The economic impact of plastic production.
• D. The different types of plastics found in the ocean.

Câu 2: In the passage about plastic pollution, the word "exacerbating" is closest in meaning to:

• A. reducing
• B. improving
• C. worsening
• D. ignoring

Câu 3: According to the passage on plastic pollution, which of the following is NOT directly mentioned as a consequence of plastic ingestion by marine animals?

• A. Starvation
• B. Malnutrition
• C. Food chain contamination
• D. Immediate poisoning

Câu 4: Read the following excerpt from an article about deforestation:

"The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," plays a crucial role in global oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption. Deforestation, driven primarily by agriculture and logging, is rapidly diminishing this vital ecosystem. The loss of trees not only reduces oxygen levels but also contributes to climate change by releasing stored carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Furthermore, it destroys habitats, leading to biodiversity loss and potential species extinction."

Which of the following best summarizes the negative impacts of deforestation mentioned in this excerpt?

• A. Reduced oxygen, climate change, habitat loss, and biodiversity decline.
• B. Increased rainfall, soil erosion, and economic instability.
• C. Expansion of agricultural land and increased logging profits.
• D. Decreased temperatures and improved air quality in urban areas.

Câu 5: Based on the excerpt about deforestation, what is the primary driver of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest?

• A. Urban expansion
• B. Natural disasters
• C. Agriculture and logging
• D. Mining activities

Câu 6: The phrase "lungs of the Earth" is used to describe the Amazon rainforest in the excerpt. What does this metaphor imply about the rainforest"s function?

• A. It is a source of pollution and harmful gases.
• B. It is essential for producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide.
• C. It is a habitat for a wide variety of animal species.
• D. It is a major source of timber and agricultural products.

Câu 7: Read the following passage about renewable energy:

"Transitioning to renewable energy sources is crucial for mitigating climate change. Solar, wind, and hydro power offer cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While initial investment costs can be high, the long-term operational costs are significantly lower, and these sources are sustainable. However, challenges remain, such as the intermittency of solar and wind power and the environmental impact of large-scale hydro projects."

What is the author"s overall perspective on renewable energy in this passage?

• A. Strongly opposed to renewable energy.
• B. Uncritically supportive of renewable energy.
• C. Balanced and cautiously optimistic about renewable energy.
• D. Neutral and indifferent towards renewable energy.

Câu 8: According to the passage on renewable energy, what is mentioned as a major advantage of renewable energy sources compared to fossil fuels?

• A. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
• B. Lower initial investment costs
• C. Higher energy output capacity
• D. Wider availability and accessibility

Câu 9: In the renewable energy passage, "intermittency" is mentioned as a challenge. What does "intermittency" refer to in the context of solar and wind power?

• A. Their high cost of maintenance
• B. Their potential for environmental pollution
• C. Their limited geographical applicability
• D. Their dependence on weather conditions and inconsistent availability

Câu 10: Read the following excerpt about sustainable agriculture:

"Sustainable agriculture aims to produce food while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring long-term ecological balance. Practices like crop rotation, reduced tillage, and integrated pest management are key components. These methods help to conserve soil health, reduce water usage, and minimize the use of harmful pesticides and fertilizers. Sustainable agriculture is crucial for food security and environmental protection in the face of a growing global population."

What is the primary goal of sustainable agriculture as described in this passage?

• A. To maximize food production at any cost.
• B. To produce food while minimizing environmental harm and ensuring ecological balance.
• C. To increase the use of pesticides and fertilizers for higher yields.
• D. To focus solely on organic farming methods.

Câu 11: According to the passage on sustainable agriculture, which of the following practices is NOT mentioned as a key component of sustainable agriculture?

• A. Crop rotation
• B. Reduced tillage
• C. Monoculture farming
• D. Integrated pest management

Câu 12: In the passage about sustainable agriculture, what are the benefits of practices like crop rotation and reduced tillage?

• A. Conserving soil health and reducing water usage.
• B. Increasing the need for pesticides and fertilizers.
• C. Maximizing short-term crop yields regardless of environmental impact.
• D. Promoting soil erosion and water runoff.

Câu 13: Read the following passage about water scarcity:

"Water scarcity is a growing global crisis, affecting billions of people and ecosystems. Factors like climate change, population growth, and unsustainable water management practices contribute to this problem. Water scarcity can lead to food shortages, economic instability, and social conflicts. Implementing water conservation measures, improving irrigation efficiency, and protecting water sources are crucial steps to address this challenge."

What is the main problem discussed in this passage?

• A. Air pollution
• B. Deforestation
• C. Water scarcity
• D. Overpopulation

Câu 14: According to the passage on water scarcity, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor to water scarcity?

• A. Climate change
• B. Population growth
• C. Unsustainable water management
• D. Technological advancements

Câu 15: In the passage about water scarcity, what are some potential consequences of water scarcity?

• A. Increased biodiversity and ecological balance
• B. Improved agricultural yields and economic prosperity
• C. Food shortages, economic instability, and social conflicts
• D. Reduced pollution and improved public health

Câu 16: Read the following passage about the impact of tourism on the environment:

"While tourism can bring economic benefits, it also poses environmental challenges. Increased tourism can lead to habitat destruction, pollution from waste and emissions, and overuse of resources like water and energy. Ecotourism aims to mitigate these negative impacts by promoting responsible travel that conserves the environment and supports local communities. Sustainable tourism practices are essential to balance economic growth with environmental protection."

What is the dual nature of tourism discussed in this passage?

• A. It is both beneficial and harmful to local communities.
• B. It has both economic advantages and environmental disadvantages.
• C. It is both popular and unpopular among travelers.
• D. It is both a local and a global phenomenon.

Câu 17: According to the passage on tourism"s impact, what are some negative environmental consequences of increased tourism?

• A. Improved infrastructure and public services
• B. Increased conservation efforts and environmental awareness
• C. Economic growth and job creation in local communities
• D. Habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion

Câu 18: In the tourism passage, "ecotourism" is presented as a solution. What is the main purpose of ecotourism?

• A. To maximize profits from tourism at any cost.
• B. To attract the largest possible number of tourists.
• C. To promote responsible travel that conserves the environment and supports local communities.
• D. To focus solely on luxury travel and high-end tourism.

Câu 19: Read the following passage about fast fashion and its environmental impact:

"Fast fashion, characterized by rapid production cycles and low prices, has significant environmental costs. The industry relies heavily on resource-intensive materials like cotton and synthetic fabrics, leading to water depletion and pollution. Garment production generates substantial textile waste, much of which ends up in landfills. Furthermore, the transportation of goods globally contributes to carbon emissions. Sustainable fashion alternatives are gaining traction, emphasizing durability, ethical production, and reduced consumption."

What is the central theme of this passage?

• A. The negative environmental impacts of fast fashion.
• B. The economic benefits of the fast fashion industry.
• C. The latest trends in fast fashion.
• D. The history of the fashion industry.

Câu 20: According to the passage on fast fashion, what are some of the environmental problems associated with the industry?

• A. High prices and limited consumer access.
• B. Water depletion, pollution, textile waste, and carbon emissions.
• C. Lack of creativity and originality in designs.
• D. Slow production cycles and limited product availability.

Câu 21: In the passage about fast fashion, what is presented as an alternative to mitigate the environmental problems of fast fashion?

• A. Increased use of synthetic fabrics.
• B. Faster production and distribution methods.
• C. Lowering garment prices even further.
• D. Sustainable fashion emphasizing durability and ethical production.

Câu 22: Read the following passage about urban sprawl:

"Urban sprawl, the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land, has numerous environmental and social consequences. It leads to habitat fragmentation, increased car dependency and associated emissions, and loss of farmland and green spaces. Furthermore, sprawl can strain infrastructure, leading to increased costs for services like roads and utilities. Smart growth strategies, focusing on compact, walkable, and transit-oriented development, are proposed as solutions to mitigate sprawl."

What is the definition of "urban sprawl" as described in this passage?

• A. The uncontrolled expansion of cities into rural areas.
• B. The development of high-rise buildings in city centers.
• C. The improvement of public transportation in urban areas.
• D. The decline of population in rural areas.

Câu 23: According to the passage on urban sprawl, what are some of the environmental consequences of urban sprawl?

• A. Increased biodiversity and green spaces.
• B. Reduced car dependency and emissions.
• C. Habitat fragmentation, increased emissions, and loss of farmland.
• D. Improved infrastructure and public services.

Câu 24: In the passage about urban sprawl, what are "smart growth strategies" proposed as a solution for?

• A. To accelerate urban sprawl and expansion.
• B. To mitigate or reduce urban sprawl.
• C. To increase car dependency in urban areas.
• D. To promote habitat fragmentation.

Câu 25: Read the following passage about food waste:

"Food waste is a significant environmental and ethical problem. Globally, a substantial portion of food produced for human consumption is wasted along the supply chain, from farm to table. Food waste in landfills decomposes and releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Reducing food waste can conserve resources, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and improve food security. Strategies for reducing food waste include better inventory management, improved food storage, and consumer awareness campaigns."

What is the ethical dimension of food waste mentioned in this passage?

• A. The economic costs associated with food waste management.
• B. The logistical challenges of food distribution.
• C. The impact of food waste on landfill capacity.
• D. It is unethical when so many people are food insecure while food is wasted.

Câu 26: According to the passage on food waste, what is a significant environmental consequence of food waste in landfills?

• A. Soil contamination
• B. Methane gas emission
• C. Water pollution
• D. Increased landfill volume

Câu 27: In the passage about food waste, what are some strategies suggested for reducing food waste?

• A. Better inventory management, improved storage, and consumer awareness.
• B. Increasing food production and supply.
• C. Expanding landfill capacity and waste processing.
• D. Ignoring food expiration dates and consuming all food.

Câu 28: Which of the following environmental problems is primarily associated with the burning of fossil fuels?

• A. Deforestation
• B. Plastic pollution
• C. Climate change
• D. Water scarcity

Câu 29: What is the process called where fertile land becomes desert, often due to deforestation and unsustainable agricultural practices?

• A. Erosion
• B. Desertification
• C. Pollution
• D. Urbanization

Câu 30: Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?

• A. Coal
• B. Oil
• C. Natural Gas
• D. Solar energy

Câu 1: Read the following sentence and choose the word that best fits the blank: The factory was fined heavily for discharging _________ waste into the river, causing significant harm to aquatic life.

• A. benign
• B. toxic
• C. harmless
• D. inert

Câu 2: Which of the following human activities is LEAST likely to contribute to deforestation?

• A. Expanding urban areas
• B. Logging for timber
• C. Practicing sustainable agriculture
• D. Clearing land for cattle ranching

Câu 3: What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming caused by human activities?

• A. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• B. Methane (CH4)
• C. Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• D. Water vapor (H2O)

Câu 4: Choose the sentence that best describes the concept of "biodiversity".

• A. The study of living organisms in a controlled laboratory setting.
• B. The process of industrializing natural resources for human consumption.
• C. The uniform distribution of plant and animal species across the globe.
• D. The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Câu 5: If sea levels continue to rise due to climate change, which of the following would be the MOST direct and widespread consequence?

• A. Increased volcanic activity
• B. Coastal flooding and displacement of populations
• C. Expansion of desert regions
• D. A decrease in global temperatures

Câu 6: Read the following excerpt: "The overuse of pesticides in agriculture, while intended to protect crops, can lead to soil and water contamination, harming beneficial insects and potentially entering the food chain." What environmental issue is primarily described in this excerpt?

• A. Deforestation
• B. Air pollution
• C. Chemical pollution
• D. Noise pollution

Câu 7: Which of these is an example of a renewable energy source?

• A. Coal
• B. Natural Gas
• C. Nuclear Fission
• D. Solar energy

Câu 8: What does the term "carbon footprint" refer to?

• A. The amount of carbon stored in forests globally.
• B. The total amount of greenhouse gases generated by our actions.
• C. The physical mark left by carbon-based fuels.
• D. The size of a forest needed to absorb carbon emissions.

Câu 9: Choose the best way to complete the following sentence: To reduce your impact on the environment, you should aim to...

• A. reduce, reuse, and recycle.
• B. increase consumption of goods.
• C. ignore environmental regulations.
• D. use single-use plastics more frequently.

Câu 10: What is the main purpose of establishing national parks and wildlife reserves?

• A. To promote industrial development in natural areas.
• B. To extract natural resources for economic gain.
• C. To protect biodiversity and natural habitats.
• D. To create recreational areas for urban populations only.

Câu 11: Read the following passage and answer the question: "Eutrophication is the enrichment of a water body with nutrients, usually with an excess amount of nutrients. This process induces growth of plants and algae and, due to the biomass production and decay, may result in oxygen depletion." According to the passage, what is a consequence of eutrophication?

• A. Increased water clarity
• B. Improved aquatic life diversity
• C. Reduction in algae growth
• D. Oxygen depletion in water

Câu 12: Which of the following is NOT a negative impact of plastic pollution on the environment?

• A. Entanglement of marine animals
• B. Enhancement of soil fertility
• C. Pollution of waterways and oceans
• D. Ingestion by wildlife leading to toxicity

Câu 13: What is "sustainable development"?

• A. Development that focuses solely on economic growth.
• B. Development that prioritizes immediate needs over long-term consequences.
• C. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• D. Development that exploits natural resources for maximum profit.

Câu 14: Choose the word that is closest in meaning to "conservation" in the context of environmental protection.

• A. Preservation
• B. Destruction
• C. Exploitation
• D. Negligence

Câu 15: Which of the following actions is an example of "reducing" waste?

• A. Turning old newspapers into cardboard
• B. Using a glass jar to store leftovers
• C. Buying products with minimal packaging
• D. Composting food scraps in the garden

Câu 16: Consider a scenario where a local community decides to switch from coal to wind energy for electricity generation. What positive environmental impact would be MOST directly achieved?

• A. Increased water availability
• B. Reduction in air pollution
• C. Improved soil quality
• D. Enhanced biodiversity in forests

Câu 17: What is the potential long-term effect of melting glaciers and polar ice caps on global sea levels?

• A. Sea levels will decrease.
• B. Sea levels will remain constant.
• C. Sea levels will fluctuate unpredictably.
• D. Sea levels will rise.

Câu 18: Which of the following is a way that individuals can contribute to mitigating climate change in their daily lives?

• A. Using public transportation or cycling instead of driving alone.
• B. Increasing consumption of meat products.
• C. Leaving electronic devices on standby mode constantly.
• D. Using disposable plastic items whenever possible.

Câu 19: What is the "ozone layer" and why is it important?

• A. A layer of pollution close to the ground; it causes smog.
• B. A layer of greenhouse gases; it traps heat in the atmosphere.
• C. A layer in the Earth"s stratosphere; it absorbs harmful UV radiation.
• D. A layer of clouds; it regulates rainfall patterns.

Câu 20: If a forest ecosystem is destroyed, what is the MOST likely initial impact on the local environment?

• A. Increase in rainfall
• B. Improved air quality
• C. Decrease in soil erosion
• D. Loss of habitat for wildlife

Câu 21: Read the following sentence and choose the best word to fill in the blank: The government implemented new regulations to _________ industrial emissions and protect air quality.

• A. amplify
• B. curb
• C. incite
• D. escalate

Câu 22: Which of these is a potential consequence of ocean acidification?

• A. Increased marine biodiversity
• B. Strengthening of coral reefs
• C. Damage to coral reefs and shellfish populations
• D. Decrease in sea levels

Câu 23: What role do wetlands play in the environment?

• A. They filter pollutants and improve water quality.
• B. They primarily serve as areas for industrial waste disposal.
• C. They increase the risk of flooding in coastal areas.
• D. They are breeding grounds for only harmful insects.

Câu 24: Choose the option that is NOT considered a sustainable practice for managing forests.

• A. Selective logging
• B. Reforestation efforts
• C. Protecting old-growth forests
• D. Clear-cutting large areas

Câu 25: What is the primary cause of acid rain?

• A. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
• B. Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
• C. Depletion of the ozone layer
• D. Melting of polar ice caps

Câu 26: Read the following statement: "Using reusable shopping bags instead of plastic bags is a small but significant step towards reducing plastic waste." Why is this considered significant?

• A. Reusable bags are cheaper than plastic bags.
• B. Reusable bags are more fashionable than plastic bags.
• C. It reduces the amount of single-use plastic waste that ends up in landfills and oceans.
• D. Reusable bags are easier to carry heavy items.

Câu 27: Which of the following is an example of "reusing"?

• A. Melting down aluminum cans to make new ones.
• B. Sorting paper and cardboard for recycling collection.
• C. Composting vegetable peels and fruit scraps.
• D. Using an old t-shirt as a cleaning rag.

Câu 28: What is a major environmental concern associated with fracking (hydraulic fracturing)?

• A. Increased biodiversity
• B. Potential water contamination
• C. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
• D. Improved air quality

Câu 29: Which international agreement is primarily focused on addressing climate change?

• A. The Montreal Protocol
• B. The Kyoto Protocol
• C. The Paris Agreement
• D. The Basel Convention

Câu 30: In the context of environmental science, what does "mitigation" mean?

• A. To make something worse or more severe.
• B. To completely ignore an environmental problem.
• C. To study the causes of environmental problems.
• D. To reduce the severity or seriousness of something, especially environmental damage.

Câu 31: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of urban green spaces (parks, gardens) in cities?

• A. Improved air quality
• B. Reduced urban heat island effect
• C. Increased traffic congestion
• D. Enhanced mental well-being for residents